細胞生物學插圖教學：繪製專業細胞圖表

Detailed eukaryotic cell cross-section illustration,
visible organelles: nucleus with nucleolus, rough and smooth ER,
Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes,
cytoskeleton elements, plasma membrane with proteins,
each organelle clearly labeled in English,
educational scientific illustration style,
white background, 4:3 landscape format

Bacterial cell diagram showing prokaryotic structure,
cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleoid region with DNA,
ribosomes scattered in cytoplasm, flagellum and pili,
capsule layer visible, plasmid indicated,
comparative biology style, clear labels,
suitable for microbiology textbook

Detailed mitochondrion cross-section,
outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane with cristae,
matrix containing mtDNA and ribosomes,
ATP synthase complexes visible on cristae,
electron transport chain components indicated,
biochemistry illustration style,
labels: "Outer membrane", "Inner membrane", "Cristae", "Matrix"

Eukaryotic nucleus detailed illustration,
nuclear envelope with double membrane,
nuclear pores with transport complexes,
chromatin and chromosomes visible,
nucleolus for ribosome assembly,
nuclear lamina supporting structure,
molecular biology textbook style

Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane,
phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails,
integral proteins spanning membrane,
peripheral proteins on surfaces,
cholesterol molecules interspersed,
glycoproteins and glycolipids on outer surface,
cell biology textbook illustration style

Membrane transport mechanisms comparison,
passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport,
channel proteins and carrier proteins shown,
ion gradients indicated with arrows,
ATP usage marked for active transport,
educational diagram with clear labels,
4:3 landscape format

Mitosis stages illustration showing cell cycle,
prophase: chromosome condensation, spindle formation,
metaphase: chromosomes aligned at metaphase plate,
anaphase: sister chromatid separation,
telophase: nuclear envelope reformation,
cytokinesis: cell division completion,
circular or linear arrangement, labeled stages,
cell biology education style

Protein synthesis pathway illustration,
DNA in nucleus → transcription → mRNA,
mRNA export through nuclear pore,
ribosome assembly on mRNA,
translation with tRNA bringing amino acids,
polypeptide chain emerging,
central dogma of molecular biology,
scientific illustration style

Cellular respiration overview diagram,
glucose entry into cytoplasm,
glycolysis pathway producing pyruvate,
pyruvate entering mitochondria,
citric acid cycle in matrix,
electron transport chain on inner membrane,
ATP production tallied at each stage,
biochemistry textbook style

RTK signaling pathway illustration,
ligand binding causing receptor dimerization,
autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues,
adapter protein recruitment (GRB2, SOS),
RAS activation (GDP to GTP exchange),
MAPK cascade (RAF → MEK → ERK),
nuclear translocation and gene activation,
cell signaling diagram style,
phosphorylation events marked with "P"

G-protein coupled receptor signaling cascade,
7-transmembrane receptor structure,
heterotrimeric G-protein (α, β, γ subunits),
GDP-GTP exchange upon activation,
effector activation (adenylyl cyclase or PLC),
second messenger production (cAMP or IP3/DAG),
downstream effects illustrated,
pharmacology textbook style

Epithelial cell junction illustration,
tight junctions at apical surface (claudins, occludins),
adherens junctions (cadherins, catenins),
desmosomes (desmogleins, desmoplakins),
gap junctions (connexins forming channels),
hemidesmosomes at basal surface,
comparative side-by-side arrangement,
histology illustration style

T cell and antigen-presenting cell interaction,
APC presenting MHC-peptide complex,
TCR recognizing antigen,
CD4/CD8 coreceptor engagement,
costimulatory molecules (CD28-B7),
immunological synapse formation,
cytokine release indicated,
immunology textbook illustration

Refinement prompt:
Previous image was good but needs:
- More detail on [specific structure]
- Clearer labeling of [component]
- Better color contrast between [elements]
- Addition of [missing element]

Endocytosis mechanism illustration,
clathrin-mediated endocytosis steps shown,
receptor binding on cell surface,
clathrin coat assembly,
membrane invagination,
vesicle scission (dynamin),
clathrin coat disassembly,
vesicle trafficking to early endosome,
sequential steps arranged left to right,
cell biology publication style

Add more detail to clathrin coat structure,
show adaptor proteins (AP2),
include cargo molecules being internalized,
add labels for each step: "1. Cargo binding",
"2. Coat assembly", "3. Invagination",
"4. Scission", "5. Uncoating"

Cancer cell vs normal cell comparison,
left: normal cell with contact inhibition,
right: cancer cell with uncontrolled division,
differences highlighted: growth signals, apoptosis evasion,
angiogenesis, metastasis capability,
hallmarks of cancer visualization,
oncology education style

Neuron structure and synaptic transmission,
cell body with nucleus, dendrites, axon,
myelin sheath with nodes of Ranvier,
synaptic terminal with vesicles,
neurotransmitter release into synaptic cleft,
postsynaptic receptors and response,
neuroscience textbook illustration

Stem cell differentiation potential illustration,
pluripotent stem cell at center,
differentiation pathways radiating outward,
ectoderm: neurons, skin cells,
mesoderm: muscle, bone, blood cells,
endoderm: lung, liver, gut cells,
developmental biology style

Adaptive immune response overview,
antigen encounter by dendritic cells,
T cell activation in lymph node,
B cell activation and antibody production,
effector T cell responses,
memory cell formation,
immunology textbook style with timeline