
Design a high-impact, publication-quality schematic of a region-specific waste-to-green hydrogen platform based on Saudi date palm biomass integrated with bioelectrochemical systems, highlighting circularity, electro-microbial synergy, and regional relevance. Left Panel – Feedstock & Pretreatment Illustrate Saudi date palm residues from arid agriculture (cull & immature dates, fronds, leaves). Show a dark fermentation (DF) reactor converting lignocellulosic biomass into H₂ and acetate-rich volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Use simple molecular icons (acetate > butyrate) to show VFA tailoring for MEC operation, presenting DF as a substrate-conditioning step, not a standalone hydrogen route. Central Panel – Circular Valorization & Novelty Depict date seeds separated from the biomass stream and converted via controlled pyrolysis into conductive date-seed biochar. Add short callouts: high conductivity, biofilm affinity, DIET enhancement. Emphasize a closed-loop system where both substrate and functional carbon come from the same regional resource. Right Panel – Biochar-Enhanced MEC Illustrate a dual-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) fed with DF effluent. Show a biochar-modified anode, nickel foam cathode, electroactive biofilms, and direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathways. Include a small inset of biochar-mediated electron exchange. Use arrows for electron flow and green H₂ evolution. Add compact icons: ↑ H₂ yield | ↑ Coulombic efficiency | ↓ overpotential. Bottom Panel – Regional Impact Use clean icons to show: • Sustainable date palm waste use • Reduced open burning and GHG emissions • Locally derived, non-commercial electrodes • Alignment with Gulf circular-economy and green hydrogen goals Visual Style Minimal white background, desert–green–blue palette, sharp vector graphics, strong arrows, limited text, bold highlight: “Dark fermentation as MEC-tailored pretreatment.”

H1:環境效應 由於植物群落的組成和結構差異,不同環境之間的蟲癭豐富度有所不同。熱帶稀樹草原和旱沼澤 較高的蟲癭...