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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. | SciDraw Gallery

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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Biomedical

Prompt Description

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Related Illustrations

In vitro and in situ assays were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of essential oil (EO) extracted from plants cultivated in Algeria. Results indicated that oxygenated monoterpenes, particularly carvacrol, constitute 91.0% of the EO. This EO inhibited Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 23922 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (antibacterial activity), as well as Candida albicans 71453 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 (antifungal activity). Furthermore, in situ application of the EO via cellophane on chicken thighs contaminated with E. coli ATCC 25922 and stored at 5 ± 1 °C for 96 hours demonstrated its effectiveness. These data highlight the antimicrobial potential of Algerian thyme EO, suggesting its potential use as a natural agent to extend the shelf life of chicken meat.

In vitro and in situ assays were performed to evaluate the a...

I. Overall Layout and Narrative Flow:
Employ a "left-to-right, top-to-bottom" Z-shaped narrative flow, integrating the entire process into a single scene to avoid partitioning.
Starting Point (Top Left): Cholesterol molecule enters the mitochondrion.
Core Effect (Middle Left): Cholesterol embeds in the inner membrane, altering its physical properties (increased order, decreased fluidity, decreased permeability).
Structural Representation (Bottom Left/Middle Bottom): Show the "stable" inner membrane structure resulting from the cholesterol.
Functional Outcome (Middle Right): Oxidative phosphorylation proceeds efficiently on the stable inner membrane, producing a large amount of ATP.
Final Conclusion (Bottom Right): Summary diagram (Cholesterol ↑ → ATP ↑).

II. Detailed Drawing Steps:
Phase 1: Cholesterol Input and Inner Membrane Localization (Top Left Area)
Draw a cross-section of a mitochondrion, highlighting the structure of its inner membrane and cristae.
Above the mitochondrion, draw several yellow dots (representing cholesterol molecules, color value #F1C40F) moving towards the inner membrane.
Use arrows to indicate cholesterol embedding into the phospholipid bilayer of the inner membrane.

Phase 2: Effect of Cholesterol on Membrane Physical Properties (Middle Left Area)
Inner Membrane Local Magnification A (Order and Fluidity):
Draw a magnified box around the cholesterol embedding site.
Within the box, draw two small segments of the phospholipid bilayer for comparison:
Upper Segment (Without Cholesterol): Phospholipid molecules (light blue thin ovals, #D6EAF8) are arranged relatively loosely, with curved wavy arrows passing through to indicate "high fluidity."
Lower Segment (With Cholesterol): Yellow dots (cholesterol) are inserted between phospholipid molecules. The molecular arrangement becomes tight and orderly, with straight, obstructed arrows indicating "low fluidity (increased order).".
Side note key conclusion: "Cholesterol ↑ → Lipid Order ↑ → Fluidity ↓".
Inner Membrane Local Magnification B (Permeability):
To the right of magnification A, draw another magnified box showing a cross-section of the inner membrane.
Draw a simplified proton pump on the membrane (such as Complex IV, represented by a purple square, #8E44AD).
Pump Function: Pumps a red "H⁺" from the matrix side (bottom) to the intermembrane space (top).
Membrane Properties: Draw small, thin red dashed arrows on the membrane to indicate a small amount of proton leakage (low permeability). Side note: "Cholesterol ↑ → H⁺ Permeability ↓".
Label "High H⁺ concentration" on the intermembrane space side and "Low H⁺ concentration" on the matrix side to establish the concept of a gradient.

Phase 3: Presentation of Stable Inner Membrane Structure (Bottom Left/Middle Bottom Area)
Direct the view back to the complete mitochondrion.
Outline the contours of the inner membrane and cristae with bold, smooth, continuous lines, and add shields or solid icons next to them, labeled: "Enhanced Physical Stability".
Summarize in a formula box next to the diagram: "Fluidity ↓ + Permeability ↓ → Inner Membrane Stability ↑".

Phase 4: Efficient ATP Synthesis (Middle Right Area)
Show the enzyme activity platform: On the stable inner membrane (especially the cristae membrane), draw a simplified respiratory chain supercomplex (which can be simplified into a connected blue-purple-red block group, labeled "Respiratory Chain Complex") and ATP synthase (orange mushroom-shaped structure, #E67E22).

I. Overall Layout and Narrative Flow: Employ a "left-to-righ...

Compressed Graphical Abstract AI Prompt:

Scientific graphical abstract, clean biomedical schematic, white background, horizontal layout, three panels (left, center, right).

Left panel (clinical challenge):
Chronic wound cross-section, bottom-left, ~35% panel height; tissue light red (#F5B7B1), necrosis dark brown (#6E2C00); bacteria dots green (#27AE60); icons: diabetic ulcer, pressure ulcer, burn (gray #7F8C8D); labels “Chronic wounds”, “Infection”, “Delayed healing”, “Scarring” (Arial, dark gray, 7 pt); title “Clinical challenges of chronic wounds” (Arial bold, 9 pt).

Center panel (nanotechnology):
Wound surface with nano-coating; nanoparticles blue (#3498DB); nanofiber scaffold gray-white (#D5D8DC); pH-responsive release bar (pH 5.0–7.4, yellow→blue); labels “Targeted delivery”, “Responsive release”, “Biomimetic scaffold” (Arial, 7 pt); title “Nanomaterials for wound management” (bold, 9 pt).

Right panel (MPDA platform):
Enlarged MPDA nanoparticle, center-right, ~30% panel height; color

Compressed Graphical Abstract AI Prompt: Scientific graphic...

Scene 1: Rice Pistil Collection and Processing
Prompt: Scientific illustration, close-up of immature rice flowers (Oryza sativa), highlighting the pistils carefully dissected under a stereomicroscope using fine tweezers. The pistils are immediately flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, surrounded by dramatic swirling cold vapors. Style: Clean, detailed, educational, with labels.

Scene 2: Tissue Grinding and Protein Lysis
Prompt: Cross-sectional schematic diagram showing frozen rice pistil tissue being ground into a fine green powder with liquid nitrogen in a pre-chilled mortar. The next panel shows the powder being transferred to a microcentrifuge tube placed on ice, containing cold lysis buffer. Style: Schematic, cross-sectional view, blue and white tones to emphasize the low-temperature environment.

Scene 3: Immunoprecipitation Core Process
Prompt: Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) process infographic. 1) A tube containing multiple proteins, one labeled "MEL2" (red). 2) Anti-MEL2 antibody (Y-shaped) binds to MEL2. 3) Magnetic beads (gray spheres) coated with Protein A/G capture the antibody-MEL2 complex. 4) A magnet pulls the magnetic beads, leaving other proteins in solution. 5) Elution buffer releases MEL2 and its interacting proteins (various colored shapes attached to MEL2). Style: Flat vector design, clear sequential steps.

Scene 4: SDS-PAGE and Mass Spectrometry Identification
Prompt: A Coomassie blue-stained SDS-PAGE gel lane showing multiple protein bands. An arrow points from the entire lane to a mass spectrometer. An inset shows a conceptual mass spectrum peak plot and a list of identified protein names (e.g., "Candidate Interacting Protein 1", "Candidate Interacting Protein 2"). Style: Realistic laboratory photograph combined with digital data overlay.

Scene 1: Rice Pistil Collection and Processing Prompt: Scien...