
An illustration depicting neutrophil polarization induced by leucine stimulation via the branched-chain amino acid catabolic pathway, leading to the expression of antigen-presenting function and the HLA-DR+ phenotype. These neutrophils have potential therapeutic applications for non-small cell lung cancer. The image centers on a neutrophil, with leucine and exosomes on the left. The exosomes contain small molecules and have two arrows pointing to leucine and the branched-chain amino acid catabolic pathway, respectively. The neutrophil's interior illustrates the branched-chain amino acid catabolic pathway. To the right of the neutrophil are representations of mice and human patients afflicted with non-small cell lung cancer.
Schematic diagram of L-lactate production and action at the ...