
Limitations and Challenges of Recombinant Human Insulin: 1. Limitations in Delivery Methods - Primarily subcutaneous injection, affecting patient compliance and quality of life. 2. Accessibility and Cost Issues - Supply and cost remain challenges in low-resource regions. 3. Limitations of Expression Systems - E. coli cannot perform eukaryotic glycosylation, limiting certain modified drugs. 4. Limitations of Pharmacokinetic Properties - Natural insulin has a short half-life, requiring multiple administrations, necessitating alternatives or analogs for improvement.
Lactic acid exerts diverse physiological functions by activa...