Prompt Description

Aluminum doping induces lattice distortion and electronic redistribution, stabilizing high-valence manganese species (HVMs) and creating a surface acidic microenvironment, which provides the initial thermodynamic driving force. Under acidic conditions, HVMs clean the surface organic layer via sacrificial oxidation and are reduced to low-valence manganese species (LVMs). Subsequently, LVMs activate ozone (O3) and regenerate HVM-oxo species with a reduced energy barrier. Each HCO process increases the Mn oxidation state, rendering the MnAl-LDO/O3 system an efficient and self-reinforcing catalytic loop.