
This schematic illustrates visual crowding zones across the visual field. The center point represents fixation, with concentric rings indicating eccentricities at 4°, 8°, 12°, and 16°. Black outlines delineate crowding zones in the upper, lower, left, and right visual fields. These zones are anisotropic, elongated along the radial axis relative to the tangential axis, increase in size with eccentricity, and are smaller in the left and right visual fields compared to the upper and lower visual fields.

Schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a senescence...