
APPROVED. Design a two-column scientific summary figure for Section 5, “AI-driven modeling in DF–MEC systems.” The figure should have a flat vector style, white background, minimal text, and icon-based communication. The overall layout should feature a central AI layer. The left column should represent Dark Fermentation (DF) as a standalone system, including a DF bioreactor icon labeled “DF”. Underneath, a box titled “Limitations” should use icons to represent pH instability, HRT sensitivity, microbial complexity, nonlinear VFA production, and poor predictability. An arrow should point from “Limitations” to the AI layer. The AI role for DF optimization (left-to-center arrows) should be represented by icons around the AI hub: ML (ANN, RF, SVM) → prediction; Hybrid AI (ANN–GA, SVM–PSO) → parameter optimization; Reinforcement Learning → adaptive pH & HRT control; and Omics + ML → microbial community engineering. An output arrow should point back to DF, labeled “Stable, acetate-rich VFAs”. The right column should represent Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) as a standalone system.
Technical system architecture diagram: Automatic landing air...